杨继国教授运用“气至而有效”理论治疗面瘫后遗症经验总结＊

目的 介绍杨继国教授运用“气至而有效”理论治疗面瘫后遗症的经验，为临床治疗提供参考。方法 详细将杨继国教授治疗此病的临床经验记录于本文，除了运用临床治疗本病的常规针刺方法以外，特别注重“气至而有效”理论的运用，通过循经远取合谷穴，运用“钻木取火”法和引导患者“以意领气”，激发经气，使气至而有效，同时配合艾灸及TDP神灯照射，多法联用。结果 本文结合一典型案例说明本法在临床使用过程中取得了满意的疗效。结论 杨继国教授治疗面瘫后遗症重视“气至而有效”理论的运用，提示针刺取效的关键在于“气至”，手法运用和医患治神则是“气至”的关键，临床疗效显著，其治疗经验值得临床参考和借鉴。     

医学院校体质弱势群体体医融合教学模式研究

《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》作为引领中国体育治理能力和治理体系的现代化国策,将"体医融合"上升至解决当前中国健康问题的重要战略地位,为全民健身和全民健康的深度融合的战略行动计划实施指明了方向。同时,也为"体育+医学"元素融入大学传统公共体育教育环节提供了全新的视角。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、访谈法、问卷调查等研究方法对医药类高校公共体育保健康复课程的实施现状进行一系列的调查研究,对医学院校体质弱势群体学生的体育保健康复课程建设发展困境进行深入分析,初步提出针对医学院校的"体医融合"混合式体育保健康复课程教育模式的构想,以期通过体医融合教学干预策略改善高校大学生体质弱势群体身体及心理的健康状况,为全国同类院校体育保健课的发展实现真正意义上的突破。     

What Can Proton Beam Therapy Achieve for Patients with Pectus Excavatum Requiring Left Breast,Axilla and Internal Mammary Nodal Radiotherapy?

AimsExposure of the heart to radiation increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease, proportionate to the mean heart dose (MHD). Radiotherapy techniques including proton beam therapy (PBT) can reduce MHD. The aims of this study were to quantify the MHD reduction achievable by PBT compared with volumetric modulated arc therapy in breath hold (VMAT-BH) in patients with pectus excavatum (PEx), to identify an anatomical metric from a computed tomography scan that might indicate which patients will achieve the greatest MHD reductions from PBT.Materials and methodsSixteen patients with PEx (Haller Index ≥2.7) were identified from radiotherapy planning computed tomography images. Left breast/chest wall, axilla (I–IV) and internal mammary node (IMN) volumes were delineated. VMAT and PBT plans were prepared, all satisfying target coverage constraints. Signed-rank comparisons of techniques were undertaken for the mean dose to the heart, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Spearman's rho correlations were calculated for anatomical metrics against MHD reduction achieved by PBT.ResultsThe mean MHD for VMAT-BH plans was 4.1 Gy compared with 0.7 Gy for PBT plans. PBT reduced MHD by an average of 3.4 Gy (range 2.8–4.4 Gy) compared with VMAT-BH (P < 0.001). PBT significantly reduced the mean dose to the ipsilateral lung (4.7 Gy, P < 0.001) and contralateral breast (2.7 Gy, P < 0.001). The distance (mm) at the most inferomedial extent of IMN volume (IMN to heart distance) negatively correlated with MHD reduction achieved by PBT (Spearman's rho –0.88 (95% confidence interval –0.96 to –0.67, P < 0.001)).ConclusionFor patients with PEx requiring left-sided breast and IMN radiotherapy, a clinically significant MHD reduction is achievable using PBT, compared with the optimal photon technique (VMAT-BH). This is a patient group in whom PBT could have the greatest benefit.     

Ischemic stroke in Morocco: Prehospital delay and associated factors

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate prehospital delay and to identify the factors associated with the late arrival of patients with ischemic stroke at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital Center in Morocco.Patients and methodsAn observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Souss Massa regional hospital center, which is a public hospital structure. A questionnaire was administered to patients with ischemic stroke and to bystanders (family or others), while clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delayed arrival at emergency department.ResultsA total of 197 patients and 197 bystanders who fulfilled the criteria for the study were included. The median time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 6 hours (IQR, 4–16). Multiple regression analysis showed that illiteracy (OR 38.58; CI_95%: 3.40–437.27), waiting for symptoms to disappear (patient behavior) (OR 11.24; CI_95%: 1.57–80.45), deciding to go directly to the hospital (patient behavior) (OR 0.07; CI_95%: 0.01–0.57), bystander's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.36), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.07), were independently associated with late arrival (> 4.5 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, illiteracy (OR 24.62; CI_95%: 4.37–138.69), vertigo and disturbance of balance or coordination (OR 0.14; CI_95%: 0.03–0.73), the relative's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care and within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.22), calling for an ambulance (relative's behavior) (OR 0.16; CI_95%: 0.03–0.80), distance between 50 and 100 km (OR 10.16; CI_95%: 1.16–89.33), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.14), were independently associated with late arrival (> 6 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionPatient behavior, bystander knowledge and direct admission to the competent hospital for stroke care are modifiable factors potentially useful for reducing onset-to-door time, and thereby increasing the implementation rates of acute stroke therapies.     

Prevalence and risk factors of steatosis and advanced fibrosis using transient elastography in the United States' adolescent population

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents.AIM To determine the prevalence and risk factors of steatosis and advanced fibrosis using transient elastography(TE) in the United States' adolescent population.METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018, adolescent participants aged 13 to 17 years who underwent TE and controlled attenuation parameter(CAP) were included in this study. Forty-one factors associated with liver steatosis and fibrosis were collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to identify statistically significant predictors.RESULTS Seven hundred and forty participants met inclusion criteria. Steatosis(S1-S3), based on CAP, and advanced fibrosis(F3-F4), based on TE, were present in 27% and 2.84% of the study population, respectively. Independent predictors of steatosis grade included log of alanine aminotransferase, insulin resistance, waistto-height ratio, and body mass index. Independent predictors of fibrosis grade included steatosis grade, non-Hispanic black race, smoking history, and systolic blood pressure.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a high prevalence of steatosis in the United States' adolescent population. Almost 3% of United States' adolescents had advanced fibrosis. These findings are concerning because a younger age of onset of NAFLD can lead to an earlier development of severe disease, including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver decompensation.     

Les théories du complot : l’envers du mythe totémique dans le lien social

ObjectivesThe current explosion of conspiracy theories is an undeniable dimension of present-day social bonds. We aim to understand some of the unconscious stakes underlying the conspiratorial ideation and to shed light upon the reasons why it is a topical issue in our modern society.MethodsBy relying on psychoanalytical knowledge that allows us to study the psychic functions of the myth, we will compare different conspiracy formations to those of the mythical narrative to bring into resonance these two fictional modalities. Freud's totemic myth, through its structure, sheds a particular light on the functions that regulate jouissance and that organize history, as well as social bonds.ResultsThe conspiracy discourse will prove to be the underside of the Freudian myth of Totem and Taboo. The text presenting the myth of the primal horde will reveal the structure of the conspiracy discourse as its negative. Indeed, this myth offers a symbolic ur-fiction, and its imaginary counterpart determines the conspiratorial grammar based on the question: “who profits from the crime?” As in a hall of mirrors, the countless conspiracies will appear as the shadow of a crime, always returning in an imaginary mode due to a lack of symbolization. The system that the conspiracy theory seeks to unveil will then be regarded as the reverse of an arrangement structured by the myth.DiscussionWe discuss the link between scientific discourse and the intensification of conspiracy theories’ presence in our modern society. Indeed, Lacan notices how the mythical dimension is repressed by scientific discourse. Such repression would produce, as a result, imaginary versions of the myth. Thus, the conspiracy theory will be regarded as a structural effect of scientific discourse rather than as anti-science.ConclusionsThe conspiracy theory turns out to be a social symptom linked to scientific discourse. It is the social staging of damage suffered that transforms the coordinates of a symbolic loss, no longer organized by a myth, into an imaginary stolen jouissance.     

Association of malnutrition with all-cause mortality in the elderly population: A 6-year cohort study

Background and aimsFew studies have explored the association between malnutrition, defined by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and all-cause mortality, particularly in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the association between the GNRI and all-cause mortality in the elderly population.Methods and resultsParticipants aged ≥60 years were eligible for this study and were divided into three groups by the GNRI: An adequate nutrition group, participants with a GNRI ≥98; mild malnutrition group, participants with a GNRI ≥82 but <98; and a severe malnutrition group, participants with a GNRI <82. The results implied that there was a positive association between severe malnutrition and all-cause mortality in the total population (hazard ratio (HR): 2.591 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.729–3.884), male subjects (HR: 2.903 and 95% CI: 1.718–4.906), and female subjects (HR: 2.081 and 95% CI: 1.071–4.046). Similar associations between severe malnutrition and all-cause mortality were observed in both the 60–69 and 70–79 years age groups (HR: 2.863 and 2.600, 95% CI: 1.444–5.678 and 1.394–4.849, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between mild malnutrition and all-cause mortality.ConclusionsSevere malnutrition could increase all-cause mortality in the 60- to 79-year-old population. However, there was no association of mild malnutrition with all-cause mortality.     

Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) created using covered stents of different diameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.